Body Fluids and Circulation Questions and Answers

1. Mitral valve is present between—
A. left auricle and right auricle
B. left ventricle and right ventricle
C. left auricle and left ventricle
D. right auricle and right ventricle

2. The condition “where bone marrow stops producing WBCs is called-
A. anaemia
B. leukaemia
C. leucopenia
D. leukoplakia

3. Select the incorrect statement out of the following-
A. Neutrophils constitute the majority of leucocytes.
B. Eosinophils resist infection.
C. Basophils secrete histamine and serotonin.
D. RBCs in mammals are enucleated and biconvex in shape.

4. Choose the correct statement-
A. Stroke volume multiplied by cardiac output gives the heart rate.
B. Heart rate multiplied by cardiac output gives the stroke volume.
C. Cardiac output divided by heart rate gives the stroke volume.
D. Stroke volume divided by heart rate gives the cardiac output.

5. Choose the correct statement among the following-
A. Atrio-ventricular node is the pacemaker that generates action potential and initiates the atrial systole.
B. During each cardiac cycle, the ‘lubb’ sound is due to the closure of semilunar valves.
C. Stroke volume in each cardiac cycle is approximately 170 ml of blood.
D. QRS complex in an ECG indicates depolarisation of ventricles.

6. The T-wave in an ECG represents—
A. depolarisation of ventricles
B. electrical excitation of atria
C. beginning of systole
D. return of ventricles from excited state.

7. How do parasympathetic neural signals affect the working of the heart?
A. Reduce both heart rate and cardiac output.
B. Heart rate is increased without affecting the cardiac output.
C. Both heart rate and cardiac output increases.
D. Heart rate decreased but cardiac output increases.

8. Person with blood group AB is considered as universal recipient because he has—
A. both A and B antigens on RBC but no antibodies in the plasma.
B. both A and B antibodies in the plasma
C. no antigen on RBC and no antibody in the plasma
D. both A and B antigens in the plasma but no antibodies

9. Which of the following factors (s) increase blood pressure?
(i) increase of cardiac output
(ii) Constriction of blood vessel
(iii) Activation of parasympathetic nerve
(iv) Increase of blood volume
A. (ii) and (iii)
B. (iii), (ii) and (iv)
C. (i), (m) and (iv)
D. (i), (ii), and (iii)

10. Which blood cells can engulf bacteria by phagocytosis?
A. Eosinophils and Basophils
B. Basophils and Lymphocytes
C. Neutrophils and Monocytes
D. Neutrophils and Lymphocytes

11. Which valve is present at the opening of coronary sinus?
A. Mitral valve
B. Eustachian valve
C. Thebesian valve
D. Tricuspid valve

12. Thrombokinase is associated with—
A. elimination of urea and other excretory products
B. production of erythrocytes from the bone marrow
C. pulmonary and systemic circulation
D. enzymatic reactions in coagulation of blood

13. identify the correct statement regarding cardiac activity.
A. Normal activity of the human heart is regulated intrinsically, hence, it is neurogenic.
B. A special neural centre in the medulla oblongata can moderate the cardiac function through the CNS.
C. Parasympathetic neural signals increase the rate of heart beat.
D. Adrenal medullary hormones can increase cardiac output.

14. The depolarisation of the atria is represented by—
A. P-wave
B. Q wave
C. T-wave
D. QRS complex

15. Megakaryocytes, special cells in the bone marrow that produce cell fragments are called—
A. Leucocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. thrombocytes
D. fibrinogen

16. Which of these are necessary for initiation of blood clotting process?
A. Prothrombinase and thrombin
B. Tissue factor, Hageman factor and Ca2+
C. Prothrombinase and K+
D. Prothrombinase, tissue factor and Ca2+

17. What is cardiac output?
A. The total volume of blood pumped by right auricle per minute.
B. The total volume of blood pumped by left ventricle per minute.
C. The total volume of blood pumped by left auricle per minute.
D. None of the above.

18. What is the oxidation state of iron in haemoglobin?
A. Fe
B. Fe2+
C. Fe3+
D. Fe4+

19. Most of our cells are surrounded by—
A. Blood
B. fluid equivalent to sea water in salt composition
C. interstitial fluid
D. pure water

20. Originating in bone marrow, circulating in blood for 1 -2 days, “migrating to connective tissue and forming macrophages is a characteristic of—
A. Eosinophils
B. Basophils
C. Monocytes
D. lymphocytes

21. Purkinje fibres arise from—
A. apex of ventricles
B. middle of ventricles
C. anterior part of auricles
D. posterior part of auricles.

22. If a person is undergoing artificial paceamaker transplant then at which of the following structures the transplantation occurs?
A. SA node
B. AV node
C. SA bundles
D. Right ventricle

23. A certain road accident patient with unknown blood group needs immediate blood transfusion. His one doctor friend at once offers his blood. What was the blood group of the donor?
A. Blood group B
B. Blood group AB
C. Blood group O
D. Blood group A

24. Which one of the following human organs is often called the “graveyard” of RBCs?
A. Gal bladder
B. Kidney
C. Spleen
D. Liver

25. Compared to those of humans, the erythrocytes in frog are-
A. without nucleus but with haemoglobin
B. nucleated and with haemoglobin
C. very much smaller and fewer
D. nucleated and without haemoglobin.

26. Which vitamin helps in blood coagulation?
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin c
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin D

27. Adult human RBCs are enucleate. Which of the following statements (s) is/are most appropriate explanation for this feature?
(A) They do not need to reproduce.
(B) They are somatic cells.
(C) They do not metabolize.
(D) All their internal space is available for oxygen transport.
Options :
A. Only (D)
B. Only (A)
C. (A), (C) and (D)
D. (B) and (C)

28. The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from
A. Heart
B. Stomach
C. Kidneys
D. Intestine

29. Frog’s heart when taken out of the body continues to beat for sometime.
Select the best option from the following
statement
(A) Frog is a poikilotherm
(B) Frog does not have any coronary circulation.
(C) Heart is “myogenic” in nature.
(D) Heart is auto excitable.
A. Only (C)
B. Only (D)
C. (A) and (B)
D. (C) and (D)

30. Name the blood cells, whose reduction in number can cause clotting disorder, leading to excessive loss of blood from the body.
A. Erythrocytes
B. Leucocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Thrombocytes

31. Serum differs from blood in—
A. lacking globulins
B. lacking albumins
C. lacking clotting factors
D. lacking antibodies

32. In mamals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea?
A. Hepatic vein
B. Hepatic portal vein
C. Renal vein
D. Dorsal Aorta

33. Blood pressure in the pulmonary artery is—
A. more than that in the pulmonary vein
B. less than that in the venacava
C. same as that in the aorta
D. more than that in the carotid

34. The granulocytes which secretes histamine, serotonin and heparin are-
A. Neutrophils
B. Basophils
C. Eosinophils
D. lymphocytes

35. ln a cardiac cycle, if the stroke volume is 70 ml and heart rate is 72 beats/minute, then cardiac output is—
A. 142 ml/min
B. 72 ml/min
C. 70 ml/min
D. 5040 ml/min

36. Incomplete double circulation is seen in—
A. fish
B. amphibians
C. birds
D. mammals

37. Choose the correctly matched pair :
A. CAD—Atherosclerosis
B. Tetany—Disorder of neuromuscular junction
C. Gout—Rapid spasms in muscles
D. Goitre—Hyperthyroidism

38. Choose the wrong statement regarding human blood and circulatory system—
A. persons with blood group AB can receive blood from any person with any blood group.
B. calcium ions play any important role in blood clotting.
C. angina is acute chest pain when enough oxygen does not reach the brain.
D. In a myogenic heart the normal activities are regulated intrinsically.

39. Mature RBC’s lose their ability for-—
A. DNA replication
B. anaerobic respiration
C. aerobic respiration and DNA replication
D. aerobic respiration, DNA replication and RNA synthesising machinery.

40. Which one of the following animals has two separate circulatory pathways?
A. Whale
B. Shark
C. Frog
D. Lizard

41. Doctors use stethoscope to hear the sounds produced during each cardiac cycle. The second sound is heard when—
A. AV node receives signal from SA node
B. AV valves open up
C. Ventricular walls vibrate due to gushing in of blood from atria.
D. Semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into vessels from ventricles.

42. What is the stroke volume of an adult human heart?
A. 50 ml
B. 70 ml
C. 90 ml
D. 100 ml

43. The heart is covered by—
A. epicardium
B. pericardium
C. supracardium
D. endocardium

44. Carbonic anhydrase is present in-
A. blood plasma
B. RBC
C. WBC
D. platelets

45. Which one of the following is incorrect for ‘atherosclerosis’?
A. Constriction of arterial lumen reduces the blood flow
B. Loss of dilation ability of the arterial wall and its rupture.
C. Cholesterol deposition at the inner wall of the artery
D. Proliferation of the vascular muscles

46. In a normal adult human, the average cardiac output (stroke volume) is—
A. 117 ml
B. 70 ml
C. 5 litres
D. 3.3 litres

47. Read the statements regarding the cardiac system and choose the right option.
A. Human heart is an ectodermal derivative.
B. Mitral valve guards the opening between the right atrium and left ventricle.
C. SAN is located on the left upper corner of the right atrium.
D. Stroke volume X Heart rate = Cardiac output.
A. A alone is correct
B. A and B alone are correct
C. B and C alone are correct
D. D alone is correct.

48. According to Best and Taylors’s theory, which of the following does not play any role in blood clotting?
A. Prothrombin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Platelets
D. Calcium ions

49. The frequency of heart beat in our body is maintained by—
A. AV Node
B. SA Node
C. Node of Ranvier
D. Chordae tendineae.

50. Duration of cardiac cycle is—
A. 0.6 sec
B. 0.6 min
C. 0.8 sec
D. 0.8 min

51. Which one of the following plasma proteins is involved in the coagulation of blood?
A. An Albumin
B. Serum amylase
C. A Globulin
D. Fibrinogen

52. Arteries are best defined as the vessels which-
A. supply oxygenated blood to the different organs
B. carry blood away from the heart to different organs
C. break up into capillaries which reunite to form a vein
D. carry blood from one visceral organ to another visceral organ.

53. ‘Bundle of His‘ is a part of which one of the following organs in humans?
A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Kidney
D. Pancreas

54. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding blood pressure?
A. 100/55 mm Hg is considered an ideal blood pressure.
B. 105/50 mm Hg makes one very active
C. 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like brain and kidney
D. 130/90 mm Hg is considered high and requires treatment

55. Which one of the following is the correct pathway for propagation of cardiac impulse?
A. SA node —> AV node —> Bundle of His —> Purkinje fibres.
B. AV node —> Bundle of His —> SA node —> Purkinje fibres.
C. SA node —> Purkinje fibres —a AV node —> Bundle of His.
D. Purkinje fibres -> AV node —> SA node —> Bundle of His.